История евреев в Шотландии
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| - | + | {{Этническая общность | |
| - | {{ | + | |Этнический таксон = Шотландские евреи |
| - | | | + | |Наиболее распространённое название = евреи |
| - | | | + | |Самоназвание или на языке первоисточника = Jews |
| + | |Иллюстрирование = [[File:Malcolm rifkind.JPG|90x90px]] [[File:Andrea McLean.jpg|90x90px]] <br> | ||
[[File:Cutlerportrait.jpg|1000x90px]] [[File:Muriel Spark 1960.jpg|90x90px]]<br> | [[File:Cutlerportrait.jpg|1000x90px]] [[File:Muriel Spark 1960.jpg|90x90px]]<br> | ||
[[File:Markknopfler20061.jpg|90x90px]] [[File:Emanuel Shinwel HU 059765.jpg|1000x90px]]<br> | [[File:Markknopfler20061.jpg|90x90px]] [[File:Emanuel Shinwel HU 059765.jpg|1000x90px]]<br> | ||
| - | <small>[[ | + | <small>[[Рифкинд, Малькольм|Мальколь Рифкинд]] • [[МакЛин, Андреа|Андреа МакЛин]] </br>• [[Калтер, Айвор|Айвор Калтер]] • [[Спарк, Мюриэл|Мюриэл Спарк]] •</br> [[Нопфлер, Марк|Марк Нопфлер]] • [[Шинвелл, Мэнни (барон)|Барон Шинвелл]]</small> |
| - | | | + | |Этноиерархия = Евреи-ашкенази, евреи-сефарды, итальянские евреи, восточные евреи |
| - | | | + | |Другие названия = אידן |
| - | | | + | |Упоминания = |
| - | | | + | |Язык = Английский, идиш, ладино, арабо-еврейский, "шотландский идиш" |
| - | + | |Религия = Иудаизм | |
| + | |Связанные этносы = | ||
| + | |Современный ареал расселения и численность = [[Эдинбург]], Большое [[Глазго]], Данди 6,400 | ||
| + | |Исторический ареал расселения = Шотландия | ||
}} | }} | ||
| - | {{ | + | {{История еврейского народа}} |
| - | + | [[File:Garnethill synagogue.jpg|right|thumb|190px|[[Джернетиллская синагога]] в Глазго.]] | |
| - | [[File:Garnethill synagogue.jpg|right|thumb|190px|[[ | + | <!-- |
The earliest date at which [[Jews]] arrived in [[Scotland]] is not known. Although the possibility that Jews visited Scotland at the time of the [[Roman Empire]]'s [[Roman conquest of Britain|conquest of southern Britain]] cannot be ruled out, there is no historical record of their presence. Despite a short-lived military occupation, [[southern Scotland]] was never integrated into the Empire. The earliest concrete historical references to Jews in Scotland are from the 17th century. The vast majority of Scottish Jews today are [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] who settled in [[Edinburgh]], then predominantly in [[Glasgow]] in the late 19th century. Most histories of Jews in Scotland deal with the subject matter from a British perspective, and the Scottish aspect tends to be marginalised. | The earliest date at which [[Jews]] arrived in [[Scotland]] is not known. Although the possibility that Jews visited Scotland at the time of the [[Roman Empire]]'s [[Roman conquest of Britain|conquest of southern Britain]] cannot be ruled out, there is no historical record of their presence. Despite a short-lived military occupation, [[southern Scotland]] was never integrated into the Empire. The earliest concrete historical references to Jews in Scotland are from the 17th century. The vast majority of Scottish Jews today are [[Ashkenazi Jews|Ashkenazi]] who settled in [[Edinburgh]], then predominantly in [[Glasgow]] in the late 19th century. Most histories of Jews in Scotland deal with the subject matter from a British perspective, and the Scottish aspect tends to be marginalised. | ||
Версия 13:12, 7 июля 2012
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Хронология еврейской истории |
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В странах ислама |
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Авраам · Исаак · Иаков |
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История еврейского народа вне Страны Израиля со II по VII вв. |
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Новое время (XVI—XVIII вв.)
Евреи в Польше и России |
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Новейшее время (XIX—XX вв.)
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Категории: |
| История еврейского народа |
Файл:Garnethill synagogue.jpg
Джернетиллская синагога в Глазго.
was designed by Brian Wilton[1] for Chabad rabbi Mendel Jacobs of Glasgow and certified by the Scottish Tartans Authority.[2] The tartan's colors are blue, white, silver, red and gold. According to Jacobs: "The blue and white represent the colours of the Scottish and Israeli flags, with the central gold line representing the gold from the Biblical Tabernacle, the Ark of the Covenant and the many ceremonial vessels ... the silver is from the decorations that adorn the Scroll of Law and the red represents the traditional red Kiddush wine."[3]
Содержание |
"Scots-Yiddish"
Scots Yiddish is the name given to a Jewish hybrid vernacular between Lowland Scots and Yiddish which had a brief currency in the Lowlands of Scotland in the first half of the 20th century. The Scottish literary historian David Daiches describes it in his autobiographical account of his Edinburgh Jewish childhood, Two Worlds.[4]
Daiches explores the social stratification of Edinburgh Jewish society in the interwar period, noting what is effectively a class divide between two parts of the community, on the one hand a highly educated and well-integrated group who sought a synthesis of Orthodox Rabbinical and Modern Secular thinking, on the other a Yiddish-speaking group most comfortable maintaining the lifestyle of the Eastern European ghetto. The Yiddish population grew up in Scotland in the 19th century, but by the late 20th century had mostly switched to using English. The creolisation of Yiddish with Scots was therefore a phenomenon of the middle part of this period.
The Glaswegian Jewish poet A. C. Jacobs also refers to his language as Scots-Yiddish.[5] There was even a case of a Jewish immigrant who settled in the Highlands who spoke no English and was only able to speak Gaelic and Yiddish.[6]
In popular culture
- The Credit Draper – A novel by J.David Simons. A fictional account of a young Russian-Jewish refugee named Avram Escovitz growing up in the Gorbals in Glasgow before going to work as a credit draper in the Highlands. Also by the same author, The Liberation of Celia Kahn, a novel about a young Jewish woman from the Gorbals caught up in socialism and feminism in the early 20th century.
- The Fabulous Bagel Boys – A one off BBC television drama set in Glasgow's Jewish community, originally intended to be a series but after a lukewarm reception was not picked up.[7]
- Rooms – A Rock Musical telling the story of a Glaswegian music act and its two members, a Glaswegian Jewish girl and her Catholic lover.[8]
Jewish Community today
Today, all Jewish communities in Scotland are represented by the Scottish Council of Jewish Communities (SCoJeC)
List of Scottish Jews
Scottish people of some Jewish background, or Jewish people with a Scottish background:
- Ronni Ancona (Sephardi), comedienne[9]
- Hazel Cosgrove, Lady Cosgrove[10] first female Court of Session judge
- Ivor Cutler, musician, teacher and comedian
- Sir Monty Finniston, industrialist
- Hannah Frank, artist and sculptor
- Myer Galpern MP, Lord Provost of Glasgow
- Ralph Glasser, psychologist and economist
- Muriel Gray, author and presenter of The Tube
- Jeremy Isaacs, broadcaster
- Mark Knopfler, guitarist and vocalist (Glasgow born)
- Kevin MacDonald (director), Touching the Void
- Andrea McLean, GMTV Presenter (ethnically Russian-Jewish family who converted to Christianity)
- Isi Metzstein, architect
- Saul Metzstein, filmmaker
- Malcolm Rifkind, politician
- Jerry Sadowitz, controversial comedian and conjurer
- Benno Schotz, sculptor
- Manny Shinwell, politician
- Muriel Spark, novelist[11]
- Harry Woolf, Baron Woolf, judge, brought up and educated in Scotland
People of Scottish-Jewish extraction
- Jack Black
- Neve Campbell
- Simon Cowell
- Robert Downey, Jr.
- David Duchovny
- Oscar Hammerstein II
- Country Joe McDonald
- Malcolm McLaren
- Phil Ochs
- Gavin Rossdale
- J.D. Salinger
- Alicia Silverstone, American actress, Scottish born Jewish parents (mother a convert).
- Isla Fisher, of Scottish extraction, but converted to Judaism as an adult.
Шаблон:History of the Jews in Europe
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См. также
- История евреев в Ирландии
- История евреев в Уэлсе
- История евреев в Англии
- Список выдающихся английских евреев
Литература
- Collins Dr. KE, Borowski E, and Granat L – Scotland's Jews – A Guide to the History and Community of the Jews in Scotland (2008)
- Levy, A – The Origins of Scottish Jewry
- Phillips, Abel – A History of the Origins of the First Jewish Community in Scotland: Edinburgh, 1816 (1979)
- Glasser, R – Growing Up in the Gorbals, Chatto & Windus (1986)
- Shinwell, Manny – Conflict Without Malice (1955) – autobiography
- Conn, A (editor) – Serving Their Country- Wartime Memories of Scottish Jews (2002)
- Kaplan, H L – Jewish Cemeteries in Scotland in Avotaynu, Vol.VII No 4, Winter 1991
Источники и ссылки
- Статья "History of the Jews in Scotland" в английском разделе Википедии
- Scottish Council of Jewish Communities
- The Jewish History Resource Center Project of the Dinur Center for Research in Jewish History, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem
- The Virtual Jewish History Tour – Scotland
- Jewish Encyclopedia on Scotland
- Edinburgh Hebrew Congregation
- Scottish Jewish Archives Centre
- Aberdeen Hebrew Congregation
- Jewish Year Book (JYB)
- Daiches, David (1956), Two Worlds, Cannnongate edition 1987, p. 119f, ISBN 0-86241-148-3
Примечания
- ↑ Jewish Tartan. Scottish Tartans Authority. Проверено 1 мая 2010.
- ↑ Schwartzapfel, Beth (17 July 2008). "Sound the Bagpipes: Scots Design Jewish Tartan". Forward. Проверено 1 May 2010.
- ↑ Hamilton, Tom (16 May 2008). "Rabbi creates first official Jewish tartan". Daily Record. Проверено 1 May 2010.
- ↑ David Daiches, Two Worlds, 1956, Cannnongate edition 1987, ISBN 0-86241-148-3, p. 119f.
- ↑ Relich, Mario The Strange Case of A. C. Jacobs.
- ↑ Scotland’s Century (Real Player). BBC Radio Scotland (1999).
- ↑ Шаблон:IMDb title
- ↑ Backalenick, Irene From Glasgow Bat-Mitzvohs to the New York Rock Scene.
- ↑ Jewish Chronicle, 28/09/2005, Diary p. 66, "Could there a hint of racial stereotyping in the Almeida's decision to cast two Jewish actors – Ronni Ancona and Henry Goodman – in its upcoming production of The Hypochondriac?"
- ↑ Feature article. culham.ac.uk.
- ↑ Jewish father; mother Anglican but Muriel Spark's son says that she had Jewish parents; converted to Catholicism later in life
Категории: Immigration to Scotland | Jewish British history | Jewish history by country | Jews and Judaism in Scotland | История евреев по странам | Евреи в Европе
