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| - | | ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ =18.06.2012
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| - | {{Этническая общность
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| - | |Этнический таксон = Абайудайя
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| - | |Наиболее распространённое название = Abayudaya
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| - | |Самоназвание или на языке первоисточника =
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| - | |Иллюстрирование = [[File:Abayudaya synagogue nabugoye 1.jpg|270px]]<br>
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| - | Синагога еврейской общины абайудайя в Набугойе, Мбале, Уганда.<br /> Празднование Рош hа-шана
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| - | |Этноиерархия =
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| - | |Другие названия =
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| - | |Упоминания =
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| - | |Язык = Луганда, лусога, лугвере, [[иврит]]
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| - | |Религия = Иудаизм
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| - | |Связанные этносы = Баганда, басога, багвере
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| - | |Современный ареал расселения и численность = [[Уганда]], 1,500<ref>[http://thejewishchronicle.net/pages/full_story/push?article-Ugandan+rabbi+runs+for+his+country%E2%80%99s+parliament-%20&id=10822765 Ugandan rabbi runs for his country's parliament]</ref>
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| - | |Исторический ареал расселения = Уганда
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| - | '''Абайудайя''' (на языке луганда "люди [[Йеhуда (Иехуда, Иегуда, Иуда) - одно из колен еврейского народа|Йеhуды]]",<ref>Berg, Irwin M. (January 1997) "Among the Abayudaya". ''Commentary'' Vol. 103(1) pp. 52-4.</ref><ref>[http://www.vetssweatshop.net/uganda.htm Pomerance, Rachel. "Uganda's Jews finally have their day at the Mikvah]</ref> - община народа баганда в Восточной [[Уганда|Уганде]] недалеко от города Мбале, которая практикует [[иудаизм]].
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| - | == Основные сведения ==
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| - | Хотя они не связаны генетически или исторически с этническими евреями, они являются [[Иудаизм|иудеями]] в своей практике религии, сохраняя свою версию [[кашрут]]а и соблюдения [[Суббота|субботы]]. Есть несколько разных деревень, где живут евреи Уганды. Большинство из них признаются [[Реформизм в иудаизме|реформистский]] и [[консервативный иудаизм]]. Тем не менее, жители села Путти по-прежнему хотят проходить [[Ортодоксальный иудаизм|ортодоксальный]] [[гиюр]] и практикуют строгий [[Раввинист|раввинистичекий иудаизм]].<ref name="tjoa">[http://www.thejewsofuganda.org/history.php The Committee To Save Ugandan Jewry - A First Hand Account of The History of the Abayudaya (Комитет по спасению угандийских евреев - первоисточник истории абайудайя)]</ref>
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| - | Их численность составляет около 1500. Во времена [[Иди Амин]]а численность общины снизилась на 3000, затем постепенно восстановилась. Как и их соседи, они земледельцы. Большинство абайудайя - из племени ''багвере'', за исключением жителей деревни Намутумба, которые ''басога''. Они говорят на языке ''луганда'', ''лусога'' или ''лугвере''. Некоторые из них научились [[иврит]]у.
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| - | [[Файл:Abayudaya.JPG|250px|right|thumb|Синагога еврейской общины в Уганде.]]
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| - | == История ==
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| - | Секты обязана своим происхождением военному вождю народа муганда ''Семеи Какунгулу''. Первоначально Какунгулу был обращен в [[христианство]] британскими миссионерами около 1880 года. Он считал, что англичане позволят ему стать королем территорий ''букеди'' и ''бугуису'', которые он завоевал. Однако, когда британцы ограничили его территорией значительно меньшего размера и отказались признать его царем, как они обещали, Какунгулу начал дистанцироваться от них.
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| - | В 1913 году он стал членом секты ''бамалаки'', система верований которой сочетает в себе элементы христианства, [[иудаизм]]а и, прежде всего, отказ от западной медицины (основанный на нескольких фразах из [[ТАНАХ]]а). Это привело к конфликту с британцами, когда ''бамалаки'' отказались вакцинировать свой скот.
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| - | Однако при дальнейшем изучении [[ТАНАХ|Библии]] Какунгулу пришёл к убеждению, что обычаи и законы, описанные в первых 5 книгах Моисея ([[Тора|Торе]]) было реально правильными. Когда в 1919 году Какунгулу настаивал на обрезании, как предписано в [[ТАНАХ]]е, бамалаки отказались и сказали ему, что, если он сделает обрезание, он станет как евреи. Какунгулу ответил: "Тогда я еврей!" Он обрезал своих сыновей и себя и заявил, что его община - еврейская.
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| - | По словам Генри Lubega,<ref>[http://www.ugandamission.org/news/Abayudaya.htm Mbale’s Jews By Henry Lubega]</ref> "он бежал к подножию горы Элгон и поселились в месте под названием Гангама, где основал сепаратистскую секту, известная как ''Кибина Кия Байудайа Абсесига Катонда'' (сообщество евреев, которые верят в Бога) ". Британцы были взбешены этой акцией и фактически разорвала все связи с ним и его последователями.
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| - | The arrival of a foreign Jew known as "Yosef" in 1920 whose ancestral roots are believed to have been European, contributed much towards the community's acquisition of knowledge about the seasons in which [[Jewish Festivals]] such as [[Pesach]], [[Shavuot]], [[Rosh Hashanah]], [[Yom Kippur]], [[Succot]], and others take place. A source in the Abayudaya community confirms that the first Jew to visit the community was Yosef, who stayed with and taught the community for about six months,<ref>[http://thejewsofuganda.org/history.php The Abayudaya, The Jews of Uganda] by Enosh K. Mainah Ben Abraham — History student IUIU</ref> and would appear to have first brought the Jewish calendar to the Abayudaya community.<ref name="tjoa"/>
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| - | Furthermore, the laws concerning [[Kashrut]] were first introduced to the community by Yosef. The community continues to practice kashrut today. Yosef's teachings influenced Semei Kakungulu to establish a school that acted as a type of [[Yeshiva]], with the purpose of passing on and teaching the skills and knowledge first obtained from Yosef.
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| - | After Kakungulu's death from [[tetanus]] in 1928, Samson Mugombe Israeli, one of his disciples, became the spiritual leader of the community. They isolated themselves for self-protection and survived persecution, including that of [[Idi Amin]], who outlawed Jewish rituals and destroyed [[synagogue]]s. During the persecutions of Idi Amin, some of the Abayudaya community converted to either Christianity or [[Islam]] in the face of [[religious persecution]]. A core group of roughly 300 members remained, however, committed to Judaism, worshipping secretly, fearful that they would be discovered by their neighbors and reported to the authorities. This group named itself "[[She'erit Yisrael]]"<ref>[http://www.kcholmim.org/uganda7.php]</ref> — the [[Remnant of Israel]] — meaning the surviving Ugandan Jews.
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| - | In 1962, Arye Oded, an Israeli studying at Makerere University, visited the Abayudaya and met Samson Mugombe. This was the first time the Abayudaya had ever met an Israeli and the first Jew they had met since Yosef. Oded had many long interviews with Mugombe and other leaders and explained to them how Jews in Israel practised Judaism. Oded then wrote a book ("Religion and Politics in Uganda,") and numerous articles on the community and their customs which introduced them to world Jewry. The community underwent a revival in the 1980s.
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| - | "Approximately 400 Abayudaya community members were formally converted by five rabbis of the Conservative branch of Judaism in February 2002<ref>{{fr}} [http://www.religioscope.com/info/notes/2002_030_abayudaya.htm JUDAÏSME : LES ABAYUDAYA DE L'OUGANDA ENFIN RECONNUS COMME JUIFS]</ref>", and conversions by conservative rabbis continued during the following years.<ref>Jerusalem Post, RUTH EGLASH, August 3, 2008, [http://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/jpost/access/1526900791.html?dids=1526900791:1526900791&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT&date=Aug+3%2C+2008&author=RUTH+EGLASH&pub=Jerusalem+Post&edition=&startpage=4&desc=Conservative+Movement+opens+Africa%27s+first-ever Conservative Movement opens Africa's first-ever].</ref>
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| - | ==Today==
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| - | As of 2009, most of the community lives around the Moses synagogue on Nabugoye Hill outside [[Mbale]] or the nearby synagogue in the village of [[Namanyoyi]]. Others live several miles away from Mbale in [[Nasenyi]] and [[Putti, Uganda|Putti]] (both in [[Pallisa District]]). A fifth synagogue is in Magada village ([[Namutumba]] District), approximately 70 km distant.<ref name="tjoa"/>
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| - | Currently the She'erit Yisrael community is looking for help in its desire to undergo an [[Orthodox Judaism|orthodox]] [[giur]] (conversion to [[Judaism]]) and make [[aliyah]] (move to [[Israel]]). This community is centered around the Putti synagogue and consists of roughly 130 members.
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| - | [[Gershom Sizomu]], the spiritual leader of the Abayudaya and the Rosh Yeshiva, was enrolled in the [[Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies]] a five-year graduate program at the [[American Jewish University]] (formerly the University of Judaism) in [[Los Angeles, California]] where he studied Hebrew, [[rabbinic literature]], the Bible, [[Jewish philosophy]], and other subjects. The program entailed studies in both the USA and Israel. Upon completion of this program, Sizomu received his ordination as a rabbi under the auspices of the [[Conservative Judaism|Conservative Movement]] on May 19, 2008, and returned to Uganda to lead its Jewish community.
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| - | ===Community institutions===
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| - | Besides the five synagogues (Nabugoye, Namanyonyi, Nasenyi, Namutumba and Putti), Jewish schools have been established with outside help from individuals and organizations such as [[Kulanu]] where secular as well as Jewish themed subjects are taught. What is unique is that unlike many Christian run schools, learning Hebrew and Judaism is merely optional for non-Jewish students. Christian, Muslim and Jewish students attend these schools. Scholarships given by outside sources have enabled some students to attend Universities as well. The following are the currently existing community institutions:
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| - | * The '''Hadassah Primary School''' located between Nabugoye and Namanyonyi
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| - | * The '''Semei Kakungulu High School''' (Nabugoye Hill)
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| - | * The '''Sha'arei Refu'a Medical Clinic''' (Nabugoye Hill)
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| - | * A '''Guesthouse''' (Nabugoye Hill)
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| - | * A '''[[Yeshiva]]''' (Nabugoye Hill) The building of the Yeshiva is being funded by a grant from the [[United Synagogue Youth]] Tikun Olam program
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| - | ===Community relations===
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| - | Their Christian and Muslim neighbors once looked upon the Abayudaya with disdain and hatred, but relations have improved significantly and some view members of the Abayudaya with respect and admiration.<ref>[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/africa_uganda0s_jewish_community/html/8.stm BBC NEWS | Photo journal | Uganda's Jewish community | Confident]</ref> It should also be noted that the community has been growing at a steady rate. Numbering only 300 individuals at the time of the fall of Idi Amin, the Abayudaya have grown to as many as 1,050 individuals since that time.
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| - | In 2002 the story of the Abayudaya was told in the book ''[[Abayudaya:The Jews of Uganda]]'', with photographs and text by photojournalist Richard Sobol and musical recordings produced by Jeffrey Summit and published by Abbeville Press. Sobol has continued to travel and lecture with a multi media slide presentation to help bring the Ugandan Jews out of isolation.
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| - | In 2007 an independent production team, Marion Segal Productions, made a documentary film on the Abayudaya on behalf of the South African Broadcasting Corporation (SABC-TV). Its title, "Pearls of Africa," is a reference to the fact that this region of Africa is also known as the pearl of Africa. This 52 minute documentary was directed and narrated by filmmaker, Guy Lieberman, in association with producer Marion Segal, both South African Jews. Included in this documentary are interviews with Aaron Kintu Moses, J.J. Keki, Enosh K. Mainah, and other leaders of the Abayudaya, both in the Nabugoye Hill community and in the Putti community. It also includes interviews with two wives who show their sabbath preparations, speak about their children's education, and discuss the intimate side of Jewish marriage and the need for a mikvah. The documentary generated considerable interest amongst the South African Jewish community and inspired members to make financial and other contributions (e.g. books) to the Abayudaya. Subsequent to this documentary, The South African Jewish community also hosted two of the younger generation of Abayudaya to share their stories at local Jewish events.
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| - | In 2003, J.J. Keki, a member of the Abayudaya community, led the effort to create a [[cooperative]] for coffee-growers in the region, including not only the Jewish coffee-growers, but Christian and Muslim coffee-growers as well. The result was [[Mirembe Kawomera]], Luganda for "Delicious Peace".<ref>[http://www.mirembekawomera.com/]</ref> In partnership with Thanksgiving Coffee Company of [[Fort Bragg, California]], the cooperative is working in bringing new prosperity to members of all religions.<ref>[http://www.mirembekawomera.com/cooperative]</ref>
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| - | ==Religious Life and Customs==
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| - | As the community increased its ties and interactions with outside [[Jews by country|Jewish communities]], namely in the United States and Israel, its religious ideology and customs shifted towards mainstream, normative Judaism. Members attend Shabbat services regularly both on Friday evenings and Saturdays.<ref name="tjoa"/> Congregations remove their shoes before entering the synagogue.<ref name="tjoa"/> This custom is believed to have been practiced by Jews in biblical times and is still practiced by a few Jewish communities today. The Abayudaya maintain a [[Kosher]] diet and slaughter their own animals in accordance with its regulations.<ref name="tjoa"/><ref name="jvl">[http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/uganda1.html A History of the Abuyudaya Jews of Uganda] by Arye Oded (Israeli [[Ambassador]] to [[Kenya]])</ref>
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| - | ==Music==
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| - | Music has been an important aspect in the lives of the Abayudaya. In recent years, the community has produced two CDs that are centered around religious themes. In fact, one of the albums, entitled ''"Abayudaya: Music from the Jewish people of Uganda"'' produced by Jeffrey Summit was nominated for a [[Grammy Award for Best Traditional World Music Album|Best Traditional World Music album]] at the [[47th Grammy Awards]].
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| - | In addition to this, their community has received further recognition and respect within the Jewish community because of the work of [[Noam Katz]], a Jewish American musician. His 2005 CD, ''Mirembe'' ("peace" in Luganda), featured the Abayudaya in the majority of its songs. In addition to studying at a seminary, Katz travels throughout North America, and gives a slideshow/concert which showcases the music of the Abayudaya.
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| - | The music of the Abayudaya is distinctly African yet Jewish at the same time. Many of the songs combine words in Luganda as well as Hebrew. Additionally, Psalms and prayers are set to a distinctly African tune and rhythm. Music is viewed as important by the community for a variety of reasons. Some elders of the community have maintained that it was music that enabled the community to persevere through the harsh conditions that it had to endure under the reign of [[Idi Amin]].
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| - | {{Uganda topics}}
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| - | {{Africa in topic|History of the Jews in}}
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| - | [[Category:Abayudaya]]
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| - | [[Category:Ugandan people by religion]]
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| - | [[Category:Groups who converted to Judaism]]
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| - | == См. также ==
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| - | * [[План Уганды]]
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| - | == Источники и ссылки ==
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abayudaya Статья "Abayudaya" в английском разделе Википедии]
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| - | * [http://puttivillage.org/ Putti Village Assistance Organization] Includes many projects aiding the Abayudaya and 100s of videos and pictures.
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| - | * [http://www.new.facebook.com/posted.php?id=2246243694#/group.php?gid=2261929032&ref=ts Facebook Group for Ugandan Jewry]
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| - | * [http://groups.yahoo.com/group/PuttiVillage Yahoo!Groups Ugandan Jewry page] - where activists and volunteers aiding Putti Village communicate directly with those living in Putti village.
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| - | * [http://puttivillage.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=52:history-of-the-abayudaya&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=44 Abayudaya, A History In Their Own Words], a descriptive article by Abayudaya Jews
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| - | * [http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/picture_gallery/05/africa_uganda0s_jewish_community/html/1.stm BBC photo journal featuring the Abayudaya]
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| - | * [http://www.wildfoto.com/uganda.html The Jews of Uganda] photographs
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| - | * [http://www.ajula.edu/Content/ContentUnit.asp?CID=1713&u=7296&t=0 Gershom Sizomu, First Abayudaya Ugandan Ordained at Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies]
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| - | * [http://thejewishchronicle.net/pages/full_story/push?article-Ugandan+rabbi+runs+for+his+country%E2%80%99s+parliament-%20&id=10822765 Ugandan rabbi runs for his country’s parliament]
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| - | * Sobol, Richard, and Summit, Jeffrey A.: ''Abayudaya:The Jews of Uganda'' ISBN 978-0-7892-0776-0
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| - | * Oded, Arye: "Religion and Politics in Uganda: a Study of Islam and Judaism" 1995, East African Educational Publishers, Nairobi
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| - | * Oded, Arye: "The Abayudaya of Uganda," I.A.F.A., Jerusalem, 2003 (in Hebrew)
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | {{reflist}}
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| - | [[Category:Евреи в Африке]]
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| - | [[Категория:Иудаизм по странам]]
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| - | Abayudaya
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| - | Abayudaya: Music from the Jewish people of Uganda
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| - | Pearls of Africa,
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