Бикель, Теодор

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{{Остатье| ТИП СТАТЬИ  = 1
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#redirect [[:ej:Бикель, Теодор]]
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| АВТОР1 = Л.Гроервейдл
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| ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ  =15.10.2011
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}}  {{Заготовка_раздела}}
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{{Персона
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|имя              = Теодор Бикель
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|оригинал имени  = Theodore Bikel
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|портрет          = TheodoreBikel.JPG
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|размер          = 200px
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|описание        = Теодор Бикель
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|имя при рождении = Theodore Meir Bikel
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|род деятельности = Актёр кино и телевидения, фольклорный певец
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|дата рождения    = 2 мая 1924 г.
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|место рождения  = [[Вена]], [[Австрия]]
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|гражданство      = США
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|подданство      = 
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|супруг          = 
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|супруга          = Офра Ихилов (1942-43) (развод)<br>Рита Вайнберг Колл (1967-2008) (развод) 2 детей<br>Тамара Брукс (с 2008 года)
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[[Image:Kahn, Bukovksy, and Bikel.jpg|right|300px|thumb|Actor Theodore Bikel  was the President of the [[Actors' Equity Association]], in which office he supported [[human rights]]. At the 1977  AFL–CIO Convention, Bikel (''right'') welcomed the Russian [[Soviet dissidents|dissident]] [[Vladimir&nbsp;Bukovsky]] (''center'') upon his release from the [[Soviet Union]]. [[Tom&nbsp;Kahn]] (''left'') was an assistant to AFL–CIO President [[George Meany]].<ref name="Chenoweth4" >
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{{harvtxt|Chenoweth|1992|p=4}}:
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{{cite journal
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|title=The gallant warrior: In&nbsp;memoriam Tom&nbsp;Kahn
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|first=Eric|last=Chenoweth|
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|journal=Uncaptive Minds: A Journal of Information and Opinion on Eastern Europe
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|publisher=Institute for Democracy in Eastern Europe (IDEE)
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|location=1718 M&nbsp;Street,&nbsp;NW, No.&nbsp;147, Washington&nbsp;DC 20036, USA|issn=0897-9669|volume=5|number=2|issue=20|month=Summer|year=1992|pages=5–16
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|url=http://www.democracyforcuba.org/images/stories/media/UM2/vol.5no.2a.pdf|type=pdf
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|ref=harv}}</ref>]]
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'''Б́икель Теодор''' (Bikel, Theodore; родился в 1924 г., [[Вена]]), актер и исполнитель народных песен. В 1941 г. Бикель приехал в подмандатную Палестину и вступил в киббуц Масада. В 1943 г. работал в театре «Хабима», а в 1944 г. — в Камерном театре (см. «Камери»). После Второй мировой войны учился в Лондоне, в 1949 г. сыграл Митча в пьесе Теннеси Уильямса «Трамвай Желание».
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С 1954 г. Бикель живет в США. Сыграл главную мужскую роль в постановке на Бродвее мюзикла Роджерса и Хаммерстайна «Звуки музыки» (1959). Снимался в кино, в том числе в фильмах, пользовавшихся большой известностью: «Русские идут» (1966) и «Моя сторона горы» (1969). Бикель — популярный исполнитель народных песен на многих языках.<ref>[http://www.eleven.co.il/article/10624 Электронная еврейская энциклопедия, статья "Бикель Теодор" на основании КЕЭ, том 1, кол. 428–429]</ref>
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'''Theodore Meir Bikel''' (born May 2, 1924) is a [[character actor]], folk singer and musician. He made his film debut in ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951) and was nominated for an [[Academy award]] for his supporting role as Sheriff Max Muller in ''[[The Defiant Ones]]'' (1958).
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Bikel is President of the [[Associated Actors and Artistes of America]] and was president of [[Actors' Equity Association|Actors' Equity]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s. He serves as the Chair of the Board of Directors of Meretz USA<ref>[http://www.meretzusa.org/sections/about/who-we-are Meretz USA]</ref>, where he also lectures. His autobiography, ''Theo'', was published in 1995.
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==Early years==
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Bikel was born in [[Vienna, Austria]], the son of Miriam (née Riegler) and Josef Bikel from [[Bukovina]].<ref>[http://www.filmreference.com/film/96/Theodore-Bikel.html Bikel's Film Reference biography]</ref> His family fled to [[Israel]] following the [[Nazi]] occupation of Austria. In Israel, Bikel started acting while in his teens. He co-founded the [[Cameri Theatre]] there—which has gone on to become one of [[Israel]]'s biggest theaters—before moving to [[London]] to attend the [[Royal Academy of Dramatic Art]] in 1945.<ref>[http://collegerelations.vassar.edu/2008/2528/ Renowned actor and folk singer Theodore Bikel and conductor Tamara Brooks to visit Vassar College as Artists in Residence. February 10-18, 2008 - College Relations - Vassar Co...<!-- Bot generated title -->]</ref> In 1948, [[Michael Redgrave]] recommended Bikel to his friend [[Laurence Olivier]] as understudy for the parts of both [[Stanley Kowalski]] and [[Harold Mitchell (A Streetcar Named Desire character)|Mitch]] in the [[West End theatre|West End]] premiere of [[Tennessee Williams]]' ''[[A Streetcar Named Desire (play)|A Streetcar Named Desire]]''.<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=BbCxPhC2P_cC&pg=PA56&dq=%22Theodore+Bikel%22+%22Laurence+Olivier%22&sig=ACfU3U3iGMVUCqZwTxpjQKY4nXHm_HIpWg#PPA58,M1</ref> Bikel graduated from understudy to star opposite the director's wife, [[Vivien Leigh]], who would go on to recreate her role as [[Blanche DuBois]] in the film version opposite [[Marlon Brando]].
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==Acting career==
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After several plays and films in Europe, Bikel moved to the United States in 1954, and became a naturalized citizen in 1961. He was the U-boat first officer to [[Curt Jürgens]] in ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' (1957) and played the captain of the Russian submarine in ''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'' (1966). He also portrayed the sadistic General Jouvet in ''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'' (1957) Bikel was screentested for the role of [[Auric Goldfinger]] in the [[James Bond (film series)|James Bond]] film ''[[Goldfinger (film)|Goldfinger]]'' (1964). The screentest can be seen on the "Ultimate Edition" DVD released in 2006. Bikel also appeared in [[Frank Zappa]]'s 1971 film ''[[200 Motels]]''.
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On [[Broadway theatre|Broadway]] he originated the role of [[Georg Ludwig von Trapp|Captain von Trapp]] in ''[[The Sound of Music]]'' in 1959, for which he received his second Tony nomination.
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Bikel did not like his role in "Sound of Music" because his ability to sing was limited in the play, and he did not like to perform the same role of the Captain repeatedly. In 1964, he played Zoltan Karpathy, the dialect expert, in the film version of ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]''. Since his first appearance as [[Tevye]] in the musical ''[[Fiddler on the Roof]]'' in 1967, Bikel has performed the role more often than any other actor (more than 2,000 times to date). When an injury required 74 year old fellow Israeli performer [[Chaim Topol]] (veteran of many productions of the stage show and star of the motion picture of Fiddler on the Roof) to withdraw from a high-budget, much-promoted 2009 North American tour of the musical, Bikel substituted for him in several Canadian appearances, including Calgary in January 2010, and has scheduled appearances in the musical beyond his 86th birthday in May.<ref>http://www.pressplus1.com/theatre-reviews/fiddler-on-the-roof-carrying-on-tradition.html</ref>
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In the 1950s, Bikel produced and sang in several albums of Jewish folk songs, as well as ''Songs of a Russian Gypsy'', in 1958. He was a co-founder of the [[Newport Folk Festival]] (together with [[Pete Seeger]] and [[George Wein]]) in 1959. In 1962, he heard [[Bob Dylan]] give his premiere performance of "[[Blowin' in the Wind]]". Bikel then went to his scheduled performance and became the first singer besides Dylan to perform the song in public. Bikel (with business partner [[Herb Cohen]]) opened the first folk music coffeehouse in Los Angeles, ''The Unicorn''. Its popularity led to the two opening a second club, Cosmo Alley, which in addition to folk music presented poets such as [[Maya Angelou]] and comics including [[Lenny Bruce]]. Bikel became increasingly involved with [[civil and political rights|civil rights]] issues and [[Progressivism in the United States|progressive]] causes, and was a [[delegate]] to the [[1968 Democratic Convention]].<ref>http://books.google.com/books?id=BbCxPhC2P_cC&pg=RA2-PT57&dq=%22Theodore+Bikel%22+%22civil+rights%22&sig=ACfU3U1-r-bcAPS78AKsrJ_H1WvXtejJ8w</ref>
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In addition to scores of appearances on film and on the stage, Bikel was a guest star on many popular television shows. He appeared in an episode of the 1954 [[NBC]] [[legal drama]] ''[[Justice (1954 TV series)|Justice]]'' based on cases from the Legal Aid Society of [[New York (state)|New York]].<ref>{{cite web|url=http://ctva.biz/US/Legal/Justice.htm|title=''Justice''|publisher=The Classic TV Archive|accessdate=February 8, 2011}}</ref> He also appeared in the episode entitled "The Faithful Pilgrimage" of CBS's ''[[Appointment with Adventure]]'' [[anthology series]]. The particular episode was written by [[Rod Serling]]. He also appeared in a second episode of ''Appointment with Adventure'' entitled "Return of the Stranger."
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Later, Bikel guest starred on Rod Serling's ''[[The Twilight Zone (1959 TV series)|The Twilight Zone]]'' (episode "[[Four O'Clock]]" as Oliver Crangle). He appeared on episodes of ''[[Wagon Train]]'', ''[[Hawaii Five-O]]'', ''[[Columbo (TV series)|Columbo]]'', ''[[Charlie's Angels]]'', ''[[Little House on the Prairie (TV series)|Little House on the Prairie]]'', ''[[Mission: Impossible]]'', ''[[Gunsmoke]]'', ''[[Dynasty (TV series)|Dynasty]]'', "[[All in the Family]]'', [[Knight Rider (1982 TV series)|Knight Rider]]'', and ''[[Law & Order]]''. He appeared on the game show ''[[Super Password]]'' as a celebrity guest in 1988.
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In the early 1990s, he appeared on ''[[Star Trek: The Next Generation]]'', in the episode "[[Family (Star Trek: The Next Generation)|Family]]", playing [[Sergey Rozhenko]], the Russian-born adopted father of [[Worf]], who, as a [[petty officer]] on the [[Starfleet]] vessel ''Intrepid'', had found Worf at the site of the [[Khitomer]] Massacre and taken him home to raise as his son. Bikel performed two roles in the ''[[Babylon 5]]'' universe. In 1994 he portrayed Rabbi Koslov in the first season episode "[[TKO (Babylon 5)|TKO]]". In 1998 he appeared in the TV movie ''[[Babylon 5: In the Beginning]]'' as [[Anla'Shok]] leader Lenonn.
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==Actors' unions and charities: Leadership==
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Bikel is President of the [[Associated Actors and Artistes of America]]. He was president of [[Actors' Equity Association|Actors' Equity]] in the late 1970s and early 1980s, in which office he supported [[human rights]]. At the 1977  [[AFL–CIO]] Convention, Bikel welcomed the Russian [[dissident]] [[Vladimir&nbsp;Bukovsky]] upon his release from the [[Soviet Union]].<ref name="Chenoweth4"/> U.S. President [[Jimmy Carter]] appointed him to serve on the National Council for the Arts in 1977 for a six-year term. {{Citation needed|date=March 2011}}
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On January 28, 2007, he agreed to serve as Chair of the Board of Directors of [http://www.meretzusa.org/sections/about/who-we-are '''Meretz USA'''], where he also lectures.
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His autobiography, ''Theo'', was published in 1995 by [[Harper Collins]], and re-issued in an updated version by the [[University of Wisconsin Press]] in 2002.
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== Семья ==
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Бикель женат на проводнице Тамаре Бркус с 2008 года.
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== Дискография ==
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* ''Songs of a Russian Gypsy (1958)
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* ''Songs of Russia Old & New (1960)
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* ''A Folksinger's Choice'' (1964)
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* ''Songs of the Earth'' (1967)
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* ''A New Day'' (1969)
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== Фильмография ==
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{{col-begin}}
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* ''[[The African Queen (film)|The African Queen]]'' (1951)
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* ''[[Moulin Rouge (1952 film)|Moulin Rouge]]'' (1952)
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* ''[[Never Let Me Go (1953 film)|Never Let Me Go]]'' (1953)
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* ''[[The Little Kidnappers (1953 film)|The Little Kidnappers]]'' (1953)
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* ''[[The Love Lottery]]'' (1954)
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* ''[[Betrayed (1954 film)|Betrayed]]'' (1954) (uncredited)
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* ''[[The Divided Heart]]'' (1954)
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* ''[[The Young Lovers]]'' (1954)
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* ''[[The Colditz Story]]'' (1955)
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* ''[[Above Us the Waves]]'' (1955)
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* ''[[The Vintage]]'' (1957)
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* ''[[The Pride and the Passion]]'' (1957)
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* ''[[The Enemy Below]]'' (1957)
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* ''[[Fräulein (1958 film)|Fräulein]]'' (1958)
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* ''[[I Bury the Living]]'' (1958)
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* ''[[The Defiant Ones]]'' (1958)
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* ''[[I Want to Live!]]'' (1958)
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{{col-break}}
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* ''[[Woman Obsessed]]'' (1959)
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* ''[[The Angry Hills (film)|The Angry Hills]]'' (1959)
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* ''[[The Blue Angel (1959 film)|The Blue Angel]]'' (1959)
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* ''[[A Dog of Flanders]]'' (1960)
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* ''[[My Fair Lady (film)|My Fair Lady]]'' (1964)
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* ''[[Sands of the Kalahari]]'' (1965)
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* ''[[The Russians Are Coming, the Russians Are Coming]]'' (1966)
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* ''[[Sweet November (1968 film)|Sweet November]]'' (1968)
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* ''[[My Side of the Mountain (film)|My Side of the Mountain]]'' (1969)
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* ''[[Darker than Amber (film)|Darker than Amber]]'' as Meyer (1970)
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* ''[[200 Motels]]'' (1971)
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* ''[[Victory at Entebbe]]'' (1976) (TV)
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* ''[[List of Columbo episodes#Sixth season (1976-1977, 3 episodes)|Columbo: The Bye-Bye Sky High IQ Murder Case]]'' (1977) (TV)
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* ''[[The Stingiest Man In Town]]'' (1978) (TV) (voice)
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* ''[[The Return of the King (1980 film)|The Return of the King]]'' (1980) (voice)
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* ''[[The Final Days (film)|The Final Days]]'' (1989) (TV)
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* ''[[Shattered (1991 film)|Shattered]]'' (1991)
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* ''[[Shadow Conspiracy]]'' (1996)
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* ''[[Crime and Punishment (2002 film)|Crime and Punishment]]'' (2002)
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{{col-end}}
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== Источники и ссылки ==
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* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore_Bikel Статья "Theodore Bikel" в английском разделе Википедии]
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* [http://www.eleven.co.il/article/10624 Электронная еврейская энциклопедия, статья "Бикель Теодор" на основании КЕЭ, том 1, кол. 428–429]
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* [http://www.lastfm.ru/music/Theodore+Bikel "Theodore Bikel" на сайте Last.fm]
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* {{IMDb name|0000942}}
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* {{Amg name|6169}}
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{{memoryalpha}}
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* [http://www.bikel.com/ Theodore Bikel Official website]
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* [http://www.sonybmgmasterworks.com/artists/theodorebikel/ Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks]
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* [http://www.accuracyproject.org/cbe-Bikel,Theo.html Theodore Bikel] at the [[Internet Accuracy Project]].
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* Theodore Bikel: "In der Mariahilferstraße hatten wir Nachbarn, die waren sehr nette und anständige Menschen". In: Christian Cargnelli, Michael Omasta (eds.): Aufbruch ins Ungewisse. Österreichische Filmschaffende in der Emigration vor 1945. Vienna: Wespennest, 1993.
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== Примечания ==
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{{Reflist}}
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[[Category:Еврейские актёры]]
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[[Category:Еврейские песни]]
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[[Category:Певцы на идише]]
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[[Категория:Еврейская музыка]]
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[[Категория:Евреи в Европе]]
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[[Категория:Евреи в США/Канаде]]
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Теодор (Тео) Бикель (Theodore Bikel) - родился 2 мая 1924 года, в г. Вена (Австрия), в известной семье - его отец, Шлойме Бикель, был известный молдавский еврейский писатель (великолепный стилист). В репертуаре исполнителя (поющего на самых разных языках мира, включая экзотические) более тысячи песен: русские, еврейские, цыганские, французские, сербские, испанские, английские, народные и уличные песни. Свободно владеет шестью языками.
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Текущая версия на 22:23, 30 мая 2013

  1. redirect ej:Бикель, Теодор
Источник — «http://www.jearc.info/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C,_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80»
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