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| + | #redirect [[:ej:Висмюллер-Мейер, Гертруда]] |
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| - | | ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ =1/12/2012
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| - | }}{{Заготовка_раздела}}
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| - | {{Персона
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| - | |имя = Гертруда Висмюллер-Мейер ("тётя Труус")
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| - | |оригинал имени = Gertruida (Truus) Wijsmuller Meijer
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| - | |портрет = Wijsmuller-Meyer.jpg
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| - | |размер = 200px
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| - | |описание = "Тётя Труус" - статуя в Амстердаме
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| - | |имя при рождении =
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| - | |род деятельности = Общественная деятельница, [[Праведник мира]]
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| - | |дата рождения = 21.04.1896
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| - | |место рождения = Алькмаар
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| - | |гражданство = Нидерланды
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| - | |подданство =
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| - | |дата смерти = 30.08.1978
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| - | |место смерти = [[Амстердам]]
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| - | '''Гертруда (Труус) Висмюллер-Мейер''' (Gertruida (Truus) Wijsmuller Meijer, 21 апреля 1896, Алькмаар – 30 августа 1978, [[Амстердам]]) была голландской героиней войны, бойцом сопротивления, и, вероятно, после [[Валенберг, Рауль|Рауля Валенберга]] величайшей спасительницей евреев. Она объявлена [[Праведник мира|Праведником мира]] институтом [[Яд ва-Шем]]. По всей вероятности, она, вместе с другими участниками [[Операция «Киндертранспорт»|операции «Киндертранспорт»]], спасла около 10,000 еврейских детей.
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| - | == Начало жизни ==
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| - | Гертруда Мейер была дочерью банкира и училась в Школе коммерции Алькмааре. В 1912 году семья переехала в Дуйведрехт. Через два года она поступила на свою первую работу в банке, где встретила своего мужа, банкира Й. Ф. Висмюллера (родился в Амстердаме 25.02.1894); они поженились в 1923 году. Она перестала работать в банке, потому что готовилась стать матерью, но не смогла зачать. Мейер решила принять участие в социальной работе, спасая еврейских детей перед началом [[Вторая мировая война|Второй мировой войны]]. | + | |
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| - | == «Киндертранспорт» ==
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| - | {{main|Операция «Киндертранспорт»}}
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| - | She was friends with the opposition wife [[Mies Boissevain-van Lennep]], which she knew from the Association for Women's Interests and Equal Citizenship (VVGS). From the thirties Aunt Hilda (as they soon called) arranged, together with including Mies Boissevain, children's journeys to include the [[Committee for Special Jewish Interests]] which they are a total of 10,000 Jewish children from Germany and Austria via the Netherlands England saved. In Germany she worked in that field along with [[Recha Freier]], the wife of a Berlin rabbi. She was not intimidated, made fuss if necessary, bribed railroad men with gifts and German officers with charm. They had to include negotiating with the man who became the organizer of the Jews Eradication would be the SS [[Adolf Eichmann]], when active in Vienna. Eichmann wanted a joke with her anything: no negotiation, they could immediately 600 Viennese Jewish children weigh heavily. That worked and within days she took them to [[Hook of Holland]], where five hundred of them immediately traveled to [[Great Britain]]. The remaining hundred children were collected in The Hague. After the transports had more structure and a maximum of 150 children at a time agreed. A few times a week traveling "Aunt Hilda" to Germany to pick them up, until the occupation ended the rescue work on this scale since the borders were closed to England. Mrs. Wijsmuller heard in Paris about the German invasion of the Netherlands. She came back ASAP to Amsterdam. There she received the garrison commander of Amsterdam told them the Jewish children from the orphanage to IJmuiden need to allow them to England could. Along the way, a number of children picked up and in IJmuiden, a total of 74 children on board the ship the SS Bodegraven brought the last leaving the harbor. Mrs. Wijsmuller did not take part because she wanted to stay with her husband. The Bodegraven was the same ship on which the famous art dealer [[Jacques Goudstikker]] and his family traveled to England (where Goudstikker and killed by an accident). The ship sailed for England, but because of the German nationality of the children were not allowed to come ashore. One child died the first night on board. The ship sailed on to Belfast, but eventually moored on May 19 in [[Liverpool]].
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| - | The children spent the whole war in institutions or with families in England. During the occupation continued Hilda Wijsmuller Jews help the country get out.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.annefrank.org/nl/Subsites/Amsterdam/Tijdlijn/Oorlog/1940/1940/Truus-Wijsmuller-weet-73-joodse-kinderen-naar-Engeland-te-smokkelen/#!/nl/Subsites/Amsterdam/Tijdlijn/Oorlog/1940/1940/Truus-Wijsmuller-weet-73-joodse-kinderen-naar-Engeland-te-smokkelen/ |title=Truus Wijsmuller helpt 73 Joodse kinderen naar Engeland |trans_title=Truus Wijmuller helped 73 Jewish get to England |language=Dutch |work=Het Amsterdam van Anne Frank |publisher=[[Anne Frank Foundation]] |accessdate=25 November 2012}}</ref>
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| - | ==Work==
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| - | Resistance During the occupation, she rescues illegally produced. For the [[Dutch Red Cross]] she brought packets to refugee camps in southern France. As opportunity permitted, she took Jewish kids and smuggled them to Vichy France or Spain. In 1942 she was briefly fixed by the [[Gestapo]] in the Euterpestraat in Amsterdam. The Gestapo suspected her - rightly - from surgery to dozens of Jews to [[Switzerland]] smuggling, but had to release her because there was no evidence and "Aunt Hilda" gave no relevant information. As the war progressed, she devoted herself to the food. They sent thousands of packages to camps like [[Kamp Westerbork|Westerbork]] and [[Theresienstadt (Concentration)|Theresienstadt]] and duck eggs delivered weekly to elderly houses in Amsterdam. During the famine did they care for malnourished children in the Randstad. She spent many over the IJsselmeer to Groningen, Friesland, Overijssel and Drenthe to recuperate.
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| - | After the war she became a member of the Amsterdam city council in 1945, and remained so for the VVD to 1966. She was also involved in the creation of workplaces for the disabled. She was also a board member of the [[Anne Frank House]]. An obituary after her death: "Mother of 1001 children, rescuing Jewish children to her life's work has made."
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| - | ==Monuments==
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| - | * A sculpture of her, made by [[Herman Janzen]], was unveiled in 1965 in Beatrixoord in [[Oosterpark (Amsterdam)|Oosterpark]] in Amsterdam. When Beatrixoord was lifted Aunt Hilda took the image home. After her death in 1978 is reinstated on the Bachplein.
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| - | * In November 2011, a monument in Hook of Holland unveiled by Mayor Aboutaleb, commemorating the 10,000 Jewish children from the England left down there. The monument was designed by Frank Meister, one of those children. He also made three monuments already in [[Gdansk]], [[Berlin]] and [[London]] stand.
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| - | * In [[Amsterdam]], [[Gouda]], [[Leiden]], [[Pijnacker]] and [[Coevorden]] are streets named after her in Leiden and even a tunnel.
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| - | * [[Asteroid]] number 15296 is named after her and is named Aunt Hilda.
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| - | == Отличия ==
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| - | * Офицер ордена Оранж-Нассау
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| - | * Почётная гражданка Амстердама
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| - | * "Дозорный" французского правительства
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| - | == Примечания ==
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| - | {{Reflist}}
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| - | == Источники и ссылки ==
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| - | * [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gertruida_Wijsmuller-Meier Статья "Gertruida Wijsmuller-Meier" из английской Википедии]
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| - | * [http://www.buitenbeeldinbeeld.nl/Amsterdam_Z/Bachplein.htm Image by Bachplein]
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| - | * [http://adambeeldenva1900.blogspot.com/2011/08/herman-janzen-truus-Wijsmuller-meijer.html]
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| - | [[Category:Праведники мира]]
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| - | [[Category:Антифашисты]]
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