Израэль, Уилфрид

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| ДАТА СОЗДАНИЯ  =17.11.2012
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}}  {{Начало_работы}}
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|имя              = Уилфрид Израэль
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{{Persondata
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| NAME              = , Wilfrid B. Israel
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| ALTERNATIVE NAMES =
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| SHORT DESCRIPTION =Involved in the kindertransport
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| DATE OF BIRTH    = 1899
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| DATE OF DEATH    = 1943
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}}'''Wilfrid B. Israel''' (11 July, 1899 - 1 June, 1943) was a German-born [[Jew]] who played an important role in the [[Kindertransport]] and the rescue of Jews in the [[Holocaust]].  He was killed when his plane was shot down by the [[Nazis]]. <br />
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[[File:Wilfrid_Israel_20.JPG|thumb|150px|Wilfrid Israel, 1942]]
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==Biography==
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[[File:Berlin, Mitte, Spandauer Straße, Kaufhaus Nathan Israel, 1900.jpg|thumb|150px|Israel's Department Store]]
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Wilfrid Israel's family owned [[Israel's Department Store]] in Berlin, one of the largest chain stores in pre-World War II [[Germany]]. In 1938, the store was ransacked during [[Kristallnacht]] violence perpetrated by [[Nazi Party]] supporters. Following the takeover of the store, Israel, who had run the business with his brother, fled to England.  In the summer of 1939, Israel took up a research position at [[Balliol College, Oxford]]. From there, he tried to establish contact with the German underground through Sir [[Stafford Cripps]], Britain's foreign minister, and organized ship transports for Jewish children escaping from Nazi-occupied Europe.<ref name=papers>[http://www.cjh.org/nhprc/IsraelFamily.html "Guide to the Papers of the Israel Family 1814-1996"], AR 25140, [[Leo Baeck]] Institute, Center for Jewish History, retrieved September 6, 2006.</ref>
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Israel was a descendant on his English mother’s side of the first Chief Rabbi of Britain. Biographers describe him as an elegant, elusive figure who became a model for characters in British novels of the period such as [[Christopher Isherwood]]’s ''Goodbye to Berlin.'' <ref> Naomi Shepherd: ‘A Refuge from Darkness’ Pantheon books, N.Y, l984.  Published as ‘Wilfrid Israel, German Jewry’s Secret Ambassador’ by Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, in 1984; in German translation by Siedler Verlag, Berlin; and in Hebrew as "שגריר ללא ארץ", the Bialik Institute in l989. This biography won the Wingate Prize for the best book on Jewish subjects for l984.</ref>  He was a friend of [[Albert Einstein]], the philosopher [[Martin Buber]], and [[Chaim Weizmann]],  later the  first president of the state of Israel.  In his post-World War I refugee work, he was in contact with the British [[Quakers]].  His  Anglo Jewish connections included  [[Herbert Samuel]], previously Home Secretary in the British government and leader of the Liberal party.  These contacts were valuable in his later rescue missions. <ref> Naomi Shepherd: ‘A Refuge from Darkness’ Pantheon books, N.Y, l984.  Published as ‘Wilfrid Israel, German Jewry’s Secret Ambassador’ by Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, in 1984; in German translation by Siedler Verlag, Berlin; and in Hebrew as "שגריר ללא ארץ", the Bialik Institute in l989. This biography won the Wingate Prize for the best book on Jewish subjects for l984.</ref>
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==Rescue of Jews==
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Defying the [[Gestapo]], despite arrest and maltreatment, Wilfrid Israel protected his thousand employees and ensured the safe exodus of the Jews among them. The Israel firm refused to fly  the Nazi flag and was the last such business to close its doors in 1939. Through a British agent, Frank Foley, passport officer at the Berlin consulate, he kept British intelligence informed of Nazi activities. Israel's chief pre-war achievement was his role in the transfer of thousands of Jewish children to Britain in what became known as the Kindertransport. The rescue of the children was difficult to carry out, because the German Jewish leadership of the Reichsvertretung, the communal organisation, and the Hilfsverein, the self help body, had no access to British politicians and the Anglo Jewish refugee bodies which financed the exodus could not visit Nazi Germany. Through Israel's efforts, some ten thousand Jewish children were saved, although few saw their families again.<ref> Naomi Shepherd: ‘A Refuge from Darkness’ Pantheon books, N.Y, l984. Published as ‘Wilfrid Israel, German Jewry’s Secret Ambassador’ by Weidenfeld and Nicolson, London, in 1984; in German translation by Siedler Verlag, Berlin; and in Hebrew as "שגריר ללא ארץ", the Bialik Institute in l989. This biography won the Wingate Prize for the best book on Jewish subjects for l984.</ref>
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Brenda Bailey, daughter of a British Quaker mother and a German Quaker father, wrote: "After Kristallnacht, leadership was again shown by the Jewish businessman Wilfrid Israel, who contacted the Council for German Jewry in London, informing them that extraordinary measures must now be taken to save at least the children". <ref> Brenda Bailey, A Quaker Couple in Nazi Germany, Leonhard Friedrichs survives Buchenwald. William Sessions Ltd. York, England 1995, p. 95)</ref>
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==Death and commemoration==
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On 26 March 1943 Israel left [[London]] for [[Lisbon]], [[Portugal]] and spent the next two months investigating the situation of Jews on the peninsula; during World War II the [[fascism|fascist]] regimes in [[Spain]] and Portugal sympathized with [[Nazi Germany]] but refused to hand over Jews to the Germans. By the end of his trip Israel had found as many as 1,500 Jewish [[refugee]]s living in Spain, many of whom he aided in finding passage to [[Palestine]]. Before Israel left the peninsula, he had proposed a plan to the British government to aid the Jewish refugees in Spain. Israel was killed on 1 June 1943 when [[British Overseas Airways Corporation Flight 777]] was shot down over the [[Bay of Biscay]] by eight German [[Junkers Ju 88]]s.<ref name=bauer> {{cite book |last=Bauer |first=Yehuda |authorlink=Yehuda Bauer |title=American Jewry and the Holocaust: The American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, 1939-1945 |year=1981 |publisher=[[Wayne State University]] |location=[[Detroit, Michigan|Detroit]] |isbn=0-8143-1672-7
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|pages= }}</ref>
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=== Tribute letter from Albert Einstein ===
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[[Image:Kaufhaus N. Israel.jpg|thumb|Tribute plaque, Berlin]]
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Princetown, N.J.  VI. 14. `43.
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Dear Mrs. Israel,
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A deep desire prompts me to write to you as I know your great anxiety regarding the fate of your son.  Never in my life have I come in contact with a being so noble, so strong and as selfless as he was – in very truth a living work of art.
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In these times of mass-misfortune, which so few are able to stand up to – one feels the presence of this “chosen one” as a Liberator from despair for mankind.
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I dare yet to hope that through a miracle he has been spared to us.  Yet it urges me,
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though so helpless, to assure you of my deepest sympathy in these most tragic hours.
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With heartfelt wishes,
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A. Einstein <ref>[http://www.worldcat.org/title/wilfrid-israel-july-11th-1899-june-1st-1943/oclc/37109962&referer=brief_results WILFRID ISRAEL JULY 11TH, 1899 - JUNE 1ST, 1943]. London, Marsland Publications LTD, 1944. 1st edition. p. 26</ref>
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===Wilfrid Israel Museum===
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[[Image:PikiWiki Israel 8076 wilfried israel museum.jpg|thumb|right|Wilfrid Israel Museum]]
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The Wilfrid Israel Museum  in Kibbutz [[Hazorea]], Israel, is an archaeology and art museum dedicated to the memory of Wilfrid Israel.<ref>[http://www.wilfrid.org.il/middle/about.html About Wilfrid Israel Museum]</ref> The museum, which opened in 1951, houses Wilfrid's unique collection, to which many artifacts have been added over the years. The museum displays has permanent exhibitions of the art of India, China, Thailand, Cambodia, the art of ancient Near East, and local archaeology. In addition, the museum holds changing exhibitions of modern painting, sculpture, photography and textiles. It offers a wide range of community educational programs for children, youth and adults, including guided tours of the museum's permanent and temporary exhibitions as well as creative hands-on activities in the museum's art workshop.
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===The Wilfrid Israel Film===
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[[File:Wilfrid Israel - The Savior from Berlin.JPG|thumb|Logo of the film "Wilfrid Israel - The Savior from Berlin"]]
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A new film by award-winning Filmmaker Yonatan Nir and producer Noam Shalev was produced and primarily screened on January 20, 2012 at Kibbutz Hazorea. The film - "Wilfrid Israel - The Savior From Berlin" is inspired by the biography written by Naomi Shepherd. It tells the story of Wilfrid Israel's saving activities, his connections with the founders of Kibbutz Hazorea and mostly focuses on the last ten years of his life. The film's website <ref>[http://www.wilfridisraelfilm.org Wilfrid Israel - The Savior From Berlin]</ref> provides more information about the person and the film and includes a link to its trailer.
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==References==
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{{reflist}}
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== Further reading ==
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* Ian Colvin (1957), ''Flight 777'' (Evans Brothers)
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* WILFRID ISRAEL JULY 11TH, 1899 - JUNE1ST, 1943. London, Marsland Publications LTD, 1944. 1st edition. Cloth, 12mo, 50 pages
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* Dessa, A Tribute to Kaufhaus N. Israel 1815-1939, [[Switzerland]]: Deborah Petroz-Abeles, 2003
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[[Category:1899 births]]
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[[Category:1943 deaths]]
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[[Category:British civilians killed in World War II]]
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[[Category:English Jews]]
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[[Category:Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in international waters]]
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[[Category:Kindertransport]]
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Текущая версия на 23:19, 30 мая 2013

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